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Storytelling Cultural Heritage

Armor of Joseon, Dujeonggap Studded Armor

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Script Open Close: NAR> The Joseon Dynasty saw numerous small and large battles. There was an armor that acted as the final guardian of Joseon. Sub> Unavoidable warfare Dujeonggap Studded Armor NAR> It was Dujeonggap (두정갑) Studded Armor, which blocked arrows. Subtitle> Epitome of clothing technology, final defense mechanism NAR> Then how was Dujeonggap (두정갑) Studded Armor, which was feared the most out of all Joseon armor, made? Title> Armor of Joseon Dujeonggap Studded Armor NAR> Just like how a spear finds its counterpart in a shield, armor develops along with the advancements made in weaponry. It was personal protection at its best, and the final armor that defended the nation. Subtitle> Leather armor Iron plate armor Iron armor PARK Ga-yeong / Prof., Dept. of Fashion Design, Soongeui Women's College In the eyes of the government, it was an item that decided the continuation of the country and the fortunes it would encounter, so they had to make investments with a maximum amount of material and skills. NAR> Joseon’s Dujeonggap (두정갑) Studded Armor was coveted by world powers for its convenience and strength. Subtitle> PARK Jae-gwang / Konkuk University Museum When looking at the strategies or weaponry of the Jurchen and Japanese that we fought against in the Joseon Dynasty, we needed weapons with great mobility and protection. From that aspect, studded armor was needed rather than iron armor. Subtitle> Korea Army Museum Nowon-gu, Seoul NAR> This is the Korea Army Museum with military artifacts compiled. In the middle is the Dujeonggap (두정갑) Studded Armor. Subtitle> Dujeonggap Studded Armor Owned and worn by General Lee Bong-sang NAR> The red silk has lost its sheen, but the round and thick iron plates set at regular intervals remain to add dignity to the Dujeonggap (두정갑) Studded Armor. Subtitle> KIM Seong-hye / Vice-Director, Korea Army Museum This armor was worn by General Lee Bong-sang when he was a Vice-General. There are studs on this armor. They are called Dujeong studs, with "Du" meaning head and "Jeong" meaning stud. What’s inside are metal scales. These are studs to fix the scales in place. If you look at the metal scales, you can spot how they look like plates. There are two studs for every metal scale. NAR> The outer garment is made of thick cotton flannel. Beyond the cotton wool with great thermal quality lies the interior of the Dujeonggap (두정갑) Studded Armor.. Pieces of iron line the interior. The studs, which look like ornaments, are connected to the pieces of iron and fix them. Not only the clothing worn physically, but helmets and earplugs were also made with studs. Subtitle> And the studs look like squares. NAR> The iron pieces are about 1mm thick. Their sizes change according to position. When arrows were the main weapon, the complex structure of cloth, iron and studs was most effective in blocking sharp arrows… How was Dujeonggap (두정갑) Studded Armor made that it could block arrows? The manufacturing methods of various armors are listed in the weapon section of the Five Rites Manual of the Annals of King Sejong. We based our reenactment on this. Subtitle> Making Dujeonggap Studded Armor 1. Tailoring Making Dujeonggap Studded Armor 2. Sewing Making Dujeonggap Studded Armor 3. Perforating Making Dujeonggap Studded Armor 4. Hammering NAR> The first step is the tailoring of the garment. The rough sketch of the armor is formed. Next, the shape of the armor is sewn by hand. Holes are then made in the garment in order for the studs to be hammered in. The angles and holes must be matched exactly for the studs and plates to fit. Lastly, the studs are used in the most important step of making the armor. The iron pieces, studs and garment are connected. The studs are hammered in outside of the garment, and iron pieces are fixed inside. The pieces are linked like fish scale to move naturally according to bodily movements. Iron pieces are concealed inside, and stud heads are exposed outside. The studs at regular intervals also look ornamental. If full iron plates were used, production must have been easy and economical, so why were the iron pieces connected one by one? Subtitle> KIM Dae-gyu / CEO, 'Clothing of Warriors' Workshop Iron pieces were connected one by one to facilitate movement and to enhance defensive power in structural terms. The numerous iron pieces overlap like fish scales, and create the effect of great convenience and increased defense. NAR> In the 8th year of King Seongjong’s reign, arrows were shot 50 steps away from the Dujeonggap (두정갑) Studded Armor made of large palm-sized iron pieces, and the arrows fail to pierce through. Subtitle> October 29th, 8th year of King Seongjong's reign The iron armor was taken out and tested, and the arrows could not pierce through it, so the Military Armament Agency was ordered to make armor that way. NAR> Was that really due to the connected pieces? What if full plates are used to make the armor? We decided to do an experiment on the performance of the armor. Subtitle> Iron plate Dujeonggap Studded Armor NAR> Two kinds of tests were implemented. Full iron plates 1mm thick and parts of Dujeonggap (두정갑) Studded Armor with iron plates of the same material and thickness, were compared. The arrow of choice was the Yuyeopjeon (유엽전) willow branch arrow, with the best permeability of Joseon arrows. How were the results? The iron plates were used first. The arrow pierced through the metal. Subtitle> In the case of 1 mm iron plates, they are unable to absorb shock, so there are incidents in which they are pierced through by turning force. NAR> The full iron plate was pierced through, not being able to withstand the force. Then how would Dujeonggap (두정갑) Studded Armor be different? We tried shooting arrows after barbed iron pieces were installed. The results were truly amazing. The arrow that hit the Dujeonggap (두정갑) Studded Armor bounced off. How could this be possible? Subtitle> KIM Dae-gyu / CEO, 'Clothing of Warriors' Workshop Iron pieces of Dujeonggap Studded Armor are connected like fish scales, so they are able to shake due to the spaces in between. NAR> The Dujeonggap (두정갑) Studded Armor shakes in all directions centered on the iron piece hit by the arrow. Subtitle> KIM Dae-gyu / CEO, 'Clothing of Warriors' Workshop Dujeonggap Studded Armor has plates in a radial shape, so it shakes when arrows or bullets fly toward it. It is efficient enough to absorb shock, so its defensive power is extraordinary. NAR> A barbed structure made up of iron pieces. This was the science behind the Dujeonggap (두정갑) Studded Armor. When hit by an arrow, the barbed Dujeonggap (두정갑) Studded Armor moves flexibly and dispersed the pressure. Even within the minute curves of the iron plates is a science that intensified defensive power. Subtitle> PARK Ga-yeong / Prof., Dept. of Fashion Design, Soongeui Women's College When full iron plates and scales are cut open, scales aren't exactly flat but rather a little curvy, and there are changes per incidence angle. In the case of rings or arrowheads, they can be pierced through according to angle, but when they are fragmented with a little power each, their defensive power heightens. NAR> Dujeonggap (두정갑) Studded Armor with exceptional power was special from its inception. Subtitle> PARK Ga-yeong / Prof., Dept. of Fashion Design, Soongeui Women's College That denotes how much importance they had from a national perspective It was weaponry that went beyond clothing and determined the existence of a nation, so it was advanced clothing with significance. In the Joseon Dynasty, the Military Armament Agency or Weapons Directorate made them through engineering, and in order to standardize them, they would create samples and distribute prototypes per region. That allowed a uniform way of manufacturing, and maintenance of a certain quality. Painting Scrolls on the Mongol Invasions Created during the Kamakura period, it depicts the battle between the Yuan Dynasty expeditionary forces and Japanese warriors NAR> The performance of Dujeonggap (두정갑) Studded Armor was revealed the best during battles. The Japanese army was greatly intimidated by the sight of the Goryeo and Mongol allied forces with Dujeonggap (두정갑) Studded Armor being invincible against arrows. Subtitle> Painting of Conquest of Daemado Island Scene of Daema-do Island governor surrendering after General Lee Jong-mu's conquest in 1419 (1st year of King Sejong's reign) NAR> The Joseon Army was equipped with Dujeonggap (두정갑) Studded Armor at the conquest of Daemado Island, and they won great victory over the Japanese. Subtitle> Ancestors who risked their lives to protect the country Dujeonggap Studded Armor, Product of the desire to protect the country NAR> Our forefathers sacrificed their lives to protect the country, and the country protected them through Dujeonggap (두정갑) Studded Armor, which embodied science that went beyond clothing. Dujeonggap (두정갑) Studded Armor was the product of the desire for national security. Provided by/ Korea Cultural Heritage Foundation Produced by/arirang Translation/Subtitles Arrange TV media

Content: Our forefathers sacrificed their lives to protect the country, and the country protected them through Dujeonggap (두정갑)Studded Armor, which embodied science that went beyond clothing. Dujeonggap (두정갑) Studded Armor was the product of the desire for national security.

: I801:1606003-013-V00003

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